Prostate cancer

- Participant must be ≥18 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent.
- Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features.
- Castration resistance, demonstrated by:
 -- a minimum of 3 rising PSA values while the participant is on continuous ADT (started at least 4 weeks prior to the PSA measurement or, PSA measured at least 4 weeks after bilateral orchiectomy) and
 -- the interval between each PSA measurement must be ≥1 week, and
 -- the PSA value at screening must be ≥1 ng/mL (1 μg/L).
(To confirm this eligibility criterion, it is acceptable for 2 out of the 3 PSA measurements to be taken during the 28-day screening period (after participant has signed consent), provided the measurements are ≥1 week apart. In this case, the last PSA value should be recorded as the screening value.)
- Castrate level of serum testosterone (< 1.7 nmol/l [50 ng/dl]) on GnRH agonist or antagonist therapy or after bilateral orchiectomy. Participants who have not undergone bilateral orchiectomy must continue GnRH therapy during the study.
- Prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) of ≤ 10 months.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1.
- Blood counts at screening: hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dl, absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1500/μl (1.5x109/l), platelet count ≥ 100,000/μl (100x109/l ) (participant must not have received any growth factor or blood transfusion within 7 days of the hematology laboratory obtained at screening).
- Screening values of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), total bilirubin (TBL) ≤1.5 x ULN (except participants with a diagnosis of Gilbert’s disease), creatinine ≤2.0 x ULN.
- Male: Sexually active participants, unless surgically sterile, must agree to use condoms as an effective barrier method and refrain from sperm donation during the study treatment and for 1 week after the end of the study treatment. If the participant is engaged in sexual activity with a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP), highly effective contraception should be used during and for 1 week after completion of treatment with darolutamide to prevent pregnancy.Contraceptive use by men should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies.

- History of metastatic disease at any time or presence of detectable metastases assessed by the investigator within 42 days prior to start of study treatment. Presence of pelvic lymph nodes < 1.5 cm in short axis below the aortic bifurcation is allowed.
- Symptomatic local-regional disease that requires medical intervention including moderate/severe urinary obstruction or hydronephrosis due to prostate cancer.
- Acute toxicities of prior treatments and procedures not resolved to ≤ CTCAE v5.0 grade 1 or baseline before treatment assignment.
- Severe or uncontrolled concurrent disease, infection or co-morbidity that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the participant inappropriate for enrollment.
- Known hypersensitivity to the study treatment or any of its ingredients.
- Major surgery within 28 days before treatment assignment.
- Any of the following within 6 months before treatment assignment: stroke, myocardial infarction, severe/unstable angina pectoris, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft; congestive heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV.
- Uncontrolled hypertension as indicated by a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 100 mmHg despite medical management at screening.
- Prior malignancy. Adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of skin or superficial bladder cancer that has not spread behind the connective tissue layer (i.e. pTis, pTa, and pT1) is allowed, as well as any other cancer for which treatment has been completed ≥ 5 years ago and from which the participant has been disease-free.
- Gastrointestinal disorder or procedure which expects to interfere significantly with absorption of study treatment.
- Active viral hepatitis, known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with detectable viral load, or chronic liver disease with a need of treatment.
- Any condition that in the opinion of the investigator would impair the participants’ ability to comply with the study procedures.
- Unable to swallow study medications and/or comply with study requirements.
- Prior treatment with:
 -- second-generation AR inhibitors such as enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, other investigational AR inhibitors
 -- CYP17 enzyme inhibitor such as abiraterone acetate, TAK-700
 -- Oral ketoconazole longer than for 28 days (continuous use).
- Use of estrogens or 5-α reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) within 28 days before start of study treatment (Day 1) or first-generation AR inhibitors (bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide, cyproterone acetate) within 28 days before start of study treatment (Day 1).
- Prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy for prostate cancer, except adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatment completed > 2 years before teatment assignment.
- Use of systemic corticosteroid with dose greater than the equivalent 10 mg of prednisone/day within 28 days before start of treatment assignment.
- Radiation therapy (external beam radiation therapy [EBRT], brachytherapy, or radiopharmaceuticals) within 12 weeks before randomization.
- Treatment with an osteoclast-targeted therapy (bisphosphonate or denosumab) to prevent skeletal-related events within 12 weeks before randomization. Participants receiving osteoclast-targeted therapy to prevent bone loss at a dose and schedule indicated for osteoporosis may continue treatment at the same dose and schedule.
- Treatment with any investigational drug within 28 days before start of study treament (Day 1).
- Treatment with any investigational drug, or Traditional Chinese Medication (TCM) that is approved as a cancer treatment, within 28 days before start of study treatment (Day 1).