Contraception

Inclusion Criteria

Patients will be included in the study if they:
               - had ≥1 claim for a hysteroscopic sterilization procedure or interval laparoscopic tubal ligation during the identification period (01JUL2009–31DEC2010). The index date will be designated as the first procedure claim date during the identification period for interval laparoscopic tubal ligation or hysteroscopic sterilization procedure; 
- were aged 18 through 49 years on the index date;
- had 6 months of continuous medical and pharmacy benefits pre-index date (baseline period) to capture all patient characteristics prior to the procedure; and
- had 24 months of continuous medical and pharmacy benefits post-index date (follow-up period).

Exclusion Criteria

Women will be excluded from the study if they:
                - underwent a postpartum tubal ligation procedure during the entire study period;
- had claims of sterilization procedures during the baseline period; 
- had a claim for pregnancy or delivery within 6 weeks prior to the index date;
- had ≥1 type of sterilization procedure (ie, a combination of hysteroscopic sterilization, laparoscopic tubal ligation, or mini-laparotomy) on the same index date; 
- had concurrent procedures on the same day as the index sterilization procedure that were performed for reasons beyond the purpose of sterilization. 
- had modifier code 53 (indicating a failed index procedure only present in the Medicaid dataset) next to the procedure code on index date.